Силно ЕМП от GSM клетка

[Joro-01]

Преди 3 часа, Doris said:

 

Ако искаш да се бориш да махнат излъчвателя , няма да стане, защото твоите данни са по-ниски от допустимата стойност.

Можеш да пробваш изолиране на спалнята от електромагнитния фон - алуминиева дограма, метално фолио на прозорците, изолиращи тапети с метален слой. Ако в такова помещение не успяваш да  свържеш мобилния си апарат с мрежата, значи си постигнал екраниране.

Ето предложения от руски фирми:

http://tbcontrol.ru/zashchita-ot-emi/elektromagnitnaya-zashchita-master-ekranirovaniya/

но мисля, че и с налични на българския пазар материали маже да стане нещо подобно и то не много скъпо. Ще си подобрите и топлоизолацията.

Така е. Няма основание просто

[Thorn]

Преди 2 часа, vorfax said:

Аз искам да питам защо наличието на тези клетки се заплаща с доста дебели суми, които се делят на всички наематели, та чак стигат за саниране на блокове? Не, че всявам смут, но ако беше нещо безобидно защо се плащат такива суми на живущите?

Защото съм ви ги уредил. И защото си гледал големи суми в София. Да не мислиш, че в Дългопол сумите са същите. И защото мениджмънта на операторите имаше доста спорни виждания по въпроса за цени, плащани за развитие на мрежите и макар, че можеха да минат с доста по-евтини решения, общо взето решаваха да си карат по стария начин.

[Thorn]

Преди 24 минути, Joro-01 said:

Отговорът на въпросът ти е елементарен - защото, дори и в българия, вече поне на книга собствеността се уважава. Тоест - ако болшинството, даже не - ако един не даде съгласието си, (защото всеки е собственик на идеална част от кооперацията) никой няма право да монтира каквото и да е горе (на покрива) но и не ссамо там. Следиш ли? Сега - ако всички знаят чеда маш клетка е гадно, цената се вдига.

Тоест - не е задължително клетката да причинява рак, за да струва скъпо наемът и.

Аз лино не съм против, операторите има накъде да мърдат, такива оранизации в БГ печелят най-много от където и да е по света - отнесено към разходите говоря.

Да речем, че от чисто юридическа точка нещата са малко по-различни, далеч по-сложно е. Общо взето, цената на наема зависи от местоположението на станцията и от това колко се бърза. И от настроението на преговарящите.

[Joro-01]

Юридическа или икоомическа  / пазарна? Знам - локейшъм, локейшън и локейшън - трите параметъра де то определят цената в Канада или САЩ

Както и да е

[Thorn]

И двата компонента са важни. Радиоинженерите имат капризи, юристите и те, а началството се старае да не вдига средното ниво на наемите и понякога компромисите са крайно неочаквани

[Joro-01]

Преди 5 часа, Forryy said:

 

 Нещо, което не разбирам е тези горни граници за каква продължителност са смятани за вредни, тъй като ЕМП се абсорбира от тялото. В този ред на мисли едни да речем по ниски от горницата стойности абсорбирани в дълъг период от човешки организъм как биха се отразили. Наблюдава ли се натрупване и насищане по някакъв начин.

Не мисля или по-скоро не знам. Натруопва се с йонизиращите лъчения, тук май не

[Joro-01]

Преди 9 часа, Forryy said:

Nik1 докторът нищо не казва...интересното е ,че и двамата с жена ми го усещаме...дори будейки се посред нощ.

 

СПоред мене е плацебо ефект.. От това е виждате антената срещу вас.

[Thorn]

68  метра е далечко от вас за да има някакъв ефект. Не ми се вярва чак толкова да са издули мощността, а и не съм убеден, че е технически възможно. Кофти ако срещу вас грее релейна антена, но тя си е с тясно насочен лъч към друга релейка и не би трябвало да е насочена в отсрещния апартамент.

 

[Joro-01]

Мисля че грешиш

[Thorn]

Аз ли?

[Joro-01]

Преди 7 часа, Thorn said:

Аз ли?

Да, но сега гледам, че за не съм прочел добре поста ти  -за релейната антена, така, че аз съм в грещка.

Редактирано Ноември 26, 2016 от Joro-01

[КГ125]

Интересното е, че и двамата усещат едно и също един и същ дискомфорт. Но дали е от клетката или от друго? 

[Joro-01]

Аз за това писах "пласебо ефект" 

[Forryy]

"А геопатогенните излъчвания как се измерват? " Обикаля с багети.

Много благодаря на всички, които се включват в темата. Уважавам на всеки един мнението и абсолютно съм съгласен с това ,че силата и посоката на мисълта взима превес. Може и това да е един основен фактор във формирането на различните нива на чувствителност.

Това което смятам да направя е да измеря на още две места. Едното е апартамент който се намира на половината на растоянието което сме ние от антената и е на по високо равнище(почти на едно ниво с антената,изглежда страшничко пък гледам,че и малко дете имат хората). Другото място е училище, което се намира от другата страна на антената и последният му етаж е на разстояние и височина приблизително колкото е нашия апартамент. Там предполагам,че ще е нещо подобно на измерванията вкъщи, тъй като на пилона са четири клетки с цел панорама 360 градуса.

Въпрос относно екранирането. Казват, че в резултат на магнитните полета се образуват силни торсионни такива. Екранировката предпазва ли и от тях?

Пускам една статия от преди доста време ...има доста подобни, особено по чужди сайтове.

Четох някаде, че Франция 2001 година въвежда санитарни зони под строг контрол специално за хора хиперчувствителни към такива антени. Таблицата която качвам със симптомите е именно за такива хора.

и последният линк за мен лично е доста интересен...има много фантастика, но и храна за размисъл. Филмът е 5 части.

http://www.legalworld.bg/13782.gsm-anteni-seiat-rak-i-sterilitet.html&orderby=1

 

Редактирано Ноември 26, 2016 от Forryy

[Forryy]

само искам да напомня, че на няколко пъти уредът отчете 15 микровата и всеки път човекът който мереше си мислеше че ще звънне телефон, но телефон така и не звънна...и странно, че не ги е описал тези случай в резултата, но явно е сметнал, че са в резултат от смущения.

Преди 3 часа, Thorn said:

 

 

[Joro-01]

Не е задължително, някой от телефоните ви казва на мрежата, че е на разположение. На някакво време става. Може също да се случи и ако сменя клетките (ако пътуваш) или като се "закачва" при включване.

[Doris]

Преди 7 часа, Forryy said:

Въпрос относно екранирането. Казват, че в резултат на магнитните полета се образуват силни торсионни такива. Екранировката предпазва ли и от тях?

Такова екраниране предпазва от електромагнитни вълни в радио и микровълновия диапазон. Торсионни полета няма. При некачествени материали обаче може да се появи конденз и мухъл. Ако толкова много сте притеснени, може да пробвате, все пак спокойствието и добрият сън  са важни за нормалния живот на човека. Екранирането е реално осъществимо, докато премахмането на излъчвателя е съмнително постижимо, също изглежда е трудно постижимо да се убедите, че излъчването не е вредно.

 

 

[Skubi]

Виждам дискуцията малко клекна....Практически един техник това мери което си иска. Законите се правят за общи цифри и не се съобразяват с пикове и други прескачащи много кратно здравословните граници смущения....

Въпросът е манзарда. Първо ако е стара сройка, може да има много вредни химични, строителни материали, вещества. Например гредите държащи покривът напоени с отрова против гъби. Използван азбест в цемента или покривът. Неплътни комини, вентилационни съоражения работещи и през лятото....

Ако това всичко е проверено и все пак остава главоболието, първо да се опита да се "изолира" от електросмог мястото където спите. Защото аз така разбрах боли глава само в покой. Когато сте в движение това не се получава....

     

 

http://www.radiesztezia.net/elektroszmog-arnyekolas-arnyekolok.html

Затова има различни методи на пазарят които продават разни метални пердета, фоилии, бои. 

Дано Ви се реши проблемът иначе остава, да си смените жилището. 

Чувал съм за човек, който когато си купи апартамент, стаите ги покри с алуфолия и върху нея сложи тапета....

 

 

[nik1]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19151228

Mobile phone base stations and adverse health effects: phase 2 of a cross-sectional study with measured radio frequency electromagnetic fields.

Berg-Beckhoff G¹, Blettner M, Kowall B, Breckenkamp J, Schlehofer B, Schmiedel S, Bornkessel C, Reis U, Potthoff P, Schüz J.

Author information

 

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of the cross-sectional study was to test the hypothesis that exposure to continuous low-level radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) emitted from mobile phone base stations was related to various health disturbances.

METHODS:

For the investigation people living mainly in urban regions were selected from a nationwide study in 2006. In total, 3526 persons responded to a questionnaire (response rate 85%). For the exposure assessment a dosimeter measuring different RF-EMF frequencies was used. Participants answered a postal questionnaire on how mobile phone base stations affected their health and they gave information on sleep disturbances, headaches, health complaints and mental and physical health using standardised health questionnaires. Information on stress was also collected. Multiple linear regression models were used with health outcomes as dependent variables (n = 1326).

RESULTS:

For the five health scores used, no differences in their medians were observed for exposed versus non-exposed participants. People who attributed adverse health effects to mobile phone base stations reported significantly more sleep disturbances and health complaints, but they did not report more headaches or less mental and physical health. Individuals concerned about mobile phone base stations did not have different well-being scores compared with those who were not concerned.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this large population-based study, measured RF-EMFs emitted from mobile phone base stations were not associated with adverse health effects.

[nik1]

http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/88/12/09-071852/en/

Systematic review on the health effects of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from mobile phone base stations

Martin Röösli ^a, Patrizia Frei ^a, Evelyn Mohler ^a & Kerstin Hug ^a

a. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Socinstrasse 59, Basel, CH-4002, Switzerland.

Correspondence to Martin Röösli (e-mail: martin.roosli@unibas.ch).

(Submitted: 10 September 2009 – Revised version received: 06 May 2010 – Accepted: 07 May 2010 – Published online: 05 October 2010.)

Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2010;88:887-896F. doi: 10.2471/BLT.09.071852

Introduction

The introduction in the 1990s of mobile phones using the digital Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) with bandwidths of 900 and 1800 megahertz and the subsequent introduction of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) have led to widespread use of this technology and to a substantial increase in the number of mobile phone base stations (MPBS) all over the world. This development has raised public concerns and substantial controversy about the potential health effects of the radiofrequency electromagnetic field emissions of this technology.^1–3 A small proportion of the population attributes non-specific symptoms of ill-health, such as sleep disturbances or headache,^2,4 to exposure to electromagnetic fields. This phenomenon is described as electromagnetic hypersensitivity or “idiopathic environmental intolerance with attribution to electromagnetic fields.”^5–8 Additionally, individuals who are hypersensitive to electromagnetic fields often claim to be able to perceive radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in their daily life.⁶

People are generally exposed to MPBS radiation under far-field conditions, i.e. radiation from a source located at a distance of more than one wavelength. This results in relatively homogenous whole-body exposure. MPBS exposure can occur continuously but the levels are considerably lower than the local maximum levels that occur when someone uses a mobile phone handset.⁹ A recent study that measured personal exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in a Swiss population sample demonstrated that the average exposure contribution from MPBSs is relevant for cumulative long-term whole-body exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. However, as expected, it is of minor importance for cumulative exposure to the head of regular mobile phone users.¹⁰(Personal exposure measurements assess the total radiation absorbed by the whole body, whereas spot measurements quantify short-term exposure in a single place, usually the bedroom.)

In 2005, the World Health Organization (WHO) organized a workshop on exposure to radiation from MPBSs and its health consequences and subsequently published a paper summarizing the state of knowledge on the matter.¹¹ At that time, studies about the health impact of MPBS emissions were scarce and of low quality because most of the previous research on the health effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields had focused on exposure to mobile phone handsets and on effects related to head exposure, such as brain tumours or changes in brain physiology. In the last four years, research efforts have increased in response to public complaints and to a Dutch study describing decreased well-being associated with UMTS base station exposure.¹² Acute effects have been investigated in healthy volunteers and in individuals with hypersensitivity to electromagnetic fields using randomized, blinded laboratory trials and field intervention studies. Further epidemiological research has been stimulated by the recent availability of personal exposure metres. The aim of this paper is to present a systematic review of the scientific literature concerning all the health effects of MPBS radiation that have been investigated to date.

Methods

Literature search

We conducted a systematic search of Medline, EMBASE, ISI Web of Knowledge and the Cochrane Library in March 2009 to identify all relevant peer-reviewed papers published before that date. Key and free-text words included “cellular phone,” “cellular,” “phone,” “mobile” and “mobile phone” in combination with “base station(s).” In addition, we examined references from the specialist databases ELMAR (http://www.elmar.unibas.ch) and EMF-Portal (http://www.emf-portal.de), reference lists in relevant publications and published reports from national electromagnetic field and mobile phone research programmes.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

We included human laboratory trials and epidemiological studies, and we considered all the health effects that have been addressed so far. These include self-reported non-specific symptoms (e.g. headache, sleep disturbances, concentration difficulties), physiological measures (e.g. hormone levels, brain activity), cognitive functions, genotoxicity, cancer and various chronic diseases. In addition, we included randomized double-blind trials evaluating whether study participants were able to perceive radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. For a study to be eligible, far-field exposure from MPBSs had to be investigated – i.e. a relatively homogenous whole-body field in the GSM 900, GSM 1800 or UMTS frequency range – and the relationship between exposure and outcome had to be statistically quantified. In addition, basic quality criteria had to be fulfilled. Trials had to apply at least two different exposure conditions in a randomized and blinded manner. Epidemiological studies had to quantify exposure using objective measures (such as distance to the nearest MPBS, spot or personal exposure measurements, or modelling), possible confounders had to be considered and the selection of the study population had to be clearly free of bias in terms of exposure and outcomes

Data extraction

The data from each study were extracted independently by two researchers and recorded on one of two standardized forms. These forms, one for randomized trials and one for epidemiological studies, were developed using the CONSORT statement¹³ for trials and the STROBE statement¹⁴ for epidemiological studies. Extracted data included information about study participants, selection procedure, study design, exposure, analytic methods, results and quality aspects. Differences concerning data extraction were resolved by consensus.

Meta-analysis

All reported outcomes were checked for meta-analysis suitability. The only outcome with a sufficient number of comparable studies was the ability to perceive radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure. To combine these study outcomes, for each study we calculated the difference between the number of observed correct answers (O) and the number of correct answers expected by chance (E), normalized by the number of correct answers expected by chance ([O-E]/E). Exact 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated on the basis of binomial or Poisson data distribution, depending on the experimental design. In the absence of heterogeneity between studies (I² = 0.0%; P = 0.99), we used fixed-effect models for pooling the study estimates. The detailed method is described in Röösli, 2008.⁶

Evidence rating

To rate the evidence for detrimental health effects from MPBSs, we assessed the risks of various types of bias for all included studies as proposed by the Cochrane handbook.¹⁵ The final evidence rating was obtained according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.¹⁶

Results

Selection of studies

In total, 134 potentially relevant publications were identified; 117 articles were excluded as they did not meet our inclusion criteria (Fig. 1). Of the 17 articles included in the analyses, 5 were randomized trials and 12 were epidemiological or field intervention studies. The majority of the studies examined non-specific symptoms.

Fig. 1. Flowchart showing the identification and selection of studies on the health effects of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from mobile phone base stations

Non-specific symptoms of ill-health

Acute effects of MPBS exposure on self-reported non-specific symptoms were investigated in four randomized double-blind human laboratory trials. The details of these studies are summarized in Table 1 (available at: http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/88/12/09-071852). Three trials used a UMTS antenna to create controlled exposure circumstances^17,19,20 and one study evaluated all three mobile phone frequency bands.¹⁸ In total, 282 healthy adults, 40 healthy adolescents and 88 individuals with hypersensitivity to electromagnetic fields were included in these four studies. Exposure levels varied between 0.9 and 10 volts per metre (V/m).

• Table 1. Overview of randomized human laboratory trials included in a systematic review of studies of MPBS exposure and self-reported non-specific symptoms conducted before March 2009
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We identified 10 epidemiological studies that investigated the effect of MPBS exposure in terms of self-reported non-specific symptoms (Table 2, available at: http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/88/12/09-071852). Most of these studies were cross-sectional, and the magnitude of the exposure was based on the distance between place of residence and the nearest MPBS,^1,27 or on spot measurements of MPBS radiation in the bedroom,^24,35 or on personal measurements of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields over a 24-hour period.^31,39 Four epidemiological studies applied an experimental approach (field intervention) in which exposure was modified either by turning on and off an MPBS^28,29 or by using shielding curtains.^30,33 Sample size ranged from 43 to 26 039 participants. The cut-off values differentiating exposed from unexposed persons varied between 0.1 and 0.43 V/m.

• Table 2. Overview of epidemiological studies included in a systematic review of studies of MPBS exposure and self-reported non-specific symptoms conducted before March 2009
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Of all non-specific symptoms, headache was most often investigated (Table 3). Two epidemiological studies^24,27 reported a statistically significant positive correlation between exposure level and headache score. In a Danish laboratory trial, when the data from 40 adults and 40 adolescents were pooled, a larger change in headache score was found under UMTS exposure than under sham exposure.¹⁹ However, further analysis indicated that this change was due to a lower baseline score before UMTS exposure rather than to a higher score after exposure. The remaining four epidemiological studies^28,31,35,39 and one laboratory trial¹⁷ did not indicate any association between MPBS exposure and headache.

• Table 3. Studies on mobile phone base station (MBPS) radiation and self-reported headache: results of a systematic review of studies conducted before March 2009
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With respect to self-reported sleep measures, only an Egyptian study²⁷ reported greater daytime fatigue in exposed individuals. None of the other studies found any association between MPBS exposure and fatigue or self-reported sleep disturbances (Table 4).^{20,24,29–31,35,39}

• Table 4. Studies on mobile phone base station (MPBS) radiation, self-reported sleep measures and polysomnographic recordings: results of a systematic review of studies conducted before March 2009
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Many other non-specific symptoms have been evaluated, such as concentration difficulties or dizziness. Generally, no association with exposure was observed (Table 1 and Table 2). One of the few exceptions was a laboratory trial that showed an increased arousal score among individuals with hypersensitivity to electromagnetic fields during UMTS exposure, which might be explained in part by the effect of order of exposure rather than by exposure itself.¹⁸ One field intervention study observed a small increase in calmness under unshielded conditions compared with shielded conditions, but no effect on mood or alertness.³³ In an observational study from Egypt, several symptoms were more prevalent in 85 inhabitants or employees of a house near an MPBS compared with 80 employees considered unexposed.²⁷ In an Austrian study with 365 participants, a statistically significant association was found between 3 out of 14 symptoms (headache, cold hands and feet, concentration difficulties) and MPBS exposure.²⁴

Some studies evaluated overall symptom scores obtained from standardized questionnaires such as the SF-36 Health Survey,³⁷ the Von Zerssen list²⁵ and the Frick symptom score³⁸ (Table 5). In a survey of 26 039 German residents, the Frick symptom score was significantly elevated for people living less than 500 m from an MPBS compared with those living further away.¹ However, subsequent improved dosimetric evaluations in 1326 randomly selected volunteers from this survey did not confirm a relationship between symptoms and measured MPBS radiation.³⁵ Three additional studies also failed to find any association between exposure and symptom scores.^17,18,28

• Table 5. Studies on mobile phone base station radiation and symptom scores obtained from quality-of-life questionnaires: results of a systematic review of studies conducted before March 2009
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In summary, when data from all the randomized trials and epidemiological studies were considered together, no single symptom or symptom pattern was found to be consistently related to exposure. The cross-sectional epidemiological studies, however, showed a noteworthy pattern: studies with crude exposure assessments based on distance showed health effects, whereas studies based on more sophisticated exposure measurements rarely indicated any association.

Field perception

Four randomized double-blind trials addressed the ability to perceive the presence of a radiofrequency electromagnetic field. None of these trials^17–20 revealed a correct field detection rate better than expected by chance (Fig. 2) and there was no evidence that individuals who were hypersensitive to electromagnetic fields were more likely to determine correctly the presence or absence of exposure than individuals who were not hypersensitive (P = 0.66). In a German field intervention study,²⁸ a newly installed MPBS on top of an office building was randomly turned on and off over a period of 70 working days, and 95 employees assessed its operation status every evening. The most successful participant achieved 69% correct answers in 42 assessments. The likelihood of achieving a performance score that is good or better by chance is 1% for a given individual, but for one of 95 study participants to have achieved it can be explained by chance alone.

Fig. 2. Graphical representation of the results of field detection tests by means of randomized double-blind trials carried out in laboratory settings: results of a systematic review of studies conducted before March 2009

CI, confidence interval; EHS, electromagnetic hypersensitivity; ES, effect size.^a Effect sizes refer to the relative difference between observed and expected correct answers.^b The edges of the diamonds show the 95% CIs of the pooled estimates (subtotals and overall).

Cognitive functions

Exposure effects on cognitive functions were investigated in three trials^17,19,20 and two epidemiological studies.^24,27 All three trials investigated the effect of UMTS base station exposure but found no effect in a variety of cognitive tests. One epidemiological study produced inconsistent results,²⁷ whereas the other showed no exposure effects in several cognitive tests.²⁴

Physiological measures

Three laboratory studies investigated different physiological responses. In one trial, no significant changes in blood volume pulse, skin conductance and heart rate were observed in 44 individuals with hypersensitivity to electromagnetic fields or in 115 individuals who were not hypersensitive after exposure to GSM 900, GSM 1800 or UMTS base station fields.¹⁸ Likewise, autonomic nervous functions as measured by skin surface temperature, heart rate and local blood flow in the finger tip were not altered by UMTS base station exposure in a Japanese study.²⁰ In a third trial, polysomnographic electroencephalography (EEG) recordings from 13 study participants exposed to a GSM 1800 base station field for two nights did not differ significantly from recordings from two nights of sham exposure (Table 2).⁴¹ In two field intervention studies, polysomnographic measures were not related to exposure.^29,30

Chronic diseases

We identified no study that investigated an association between chronic diseases other than cancer and MPBS exposure. One observational study addressed the genotoxic effects of MPBS radiation. The investigators compared blood samples from 49 individuals employed by two Belgian mobile phone companies (38 radio field engineers and 11 administrative workers exposed at their workplace to radiofrequency antennas from surrounding buildings) with samples from 25 subjects who were unrelated to the operators, had occupations that excluded exposure to sources of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and did not use a mobile phone.⁴² Overall, no differences were found among the three groups in chromosomal aberrations, DNA damage or sister chromatid exchange frequency. There was a tendency towards increased chromatid breaks for field engineers compared with administrative workers and controls.

An ecological study compared the cancer incidence among 177 428 persons living in 48 municipalities in Bavaria between 2002 and 2003 in relation to MPBS coverage.⁴³ Municipalities were classified on a crude three-level exposure scale based on the transmission duration of each MPBS and the proportion of the population living within 400 m of an MPBS. No indication of an overall increase in cancer incidence was found in municipalities belonging to the highest exposure class. The number of cases was too small for tumour-specific analysis.

Discussion

In response to public concerns, most studies dealing with exposure to electromagnetic fields from MPBSs have investigated non-specific symptoms of ill-health, including self-reported sleep disturbances. The majority of these studies have not shown any occurrence of acute symptoms after exposure to GSM 900, GSM 1800 or UMTS fields from MPBSs. The sporadically observed associations in randomized laboratory trials did not show a consistent pattern in terms of symptoms or types of exposure. In our review of epidemiological studies we found that the more sophisticated the exposure assessment, the less likely it was that an effect would be reported. We also found no evidence that individuals who are hypersensitive to electromagnetic fields are more susceptible to MPBS radiation than the rest of the population.

Our findings corroborate previous reviews on exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and self-reported non-specific symptoms,^6,7,11,44,45 while we included several more sophisticated recently published studies. Table 6 (available at: http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/88/12/09-071852) shows the risks of various types of bias for all studies included in the review. In general, the risk of bias was rare in double-blind randomized trials applying controlled exposure conditions in a laboratory. In epidemiological studies, exposure assessment is a challenge and random exposure misclassification is likely to have occurred in these studies. The corresponding bias probably diluted any exposure–response association, if one existed. None of the studies applied long-term exposure measurements. Cross-sectional studies may reveal effects of prolonged MPBS exposure if the applied measures do in fact represent the exposure level over a longer time period, which was reported to be the case in a Swiss study that measured personal exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields.¹⁰ Nevertheless, cross-sectional studies are by design limited in their ability to elucidate causal relationships. For self-reported outcomes, information bias could create spurious exposure–outcome associations if study participants are aware of their exposure status, which is to be expected if exposure is assessed on the basis of distance to a visible transmitter. Selection bias is also of concern, since people who believe that they can feel exposure may be more likely to participate in a study. In fact, objectively measured distance to an MPBS is only weakly correlated with actual exposure from that MPBS.^46,47 Interestingly, our review found the strongest symptomatic effects in two studies using measured distance,^1,27 which makes these findings arguable as well.

• Table 6. Risk of various types of bias^a in studies included in a systematic review of MPBS exposure and self-reported non-specific symptoms conducted before March 2009^b
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We excluded three epidemiological studies suggesting a link between cancer incidence and proximity to MPBSs^48–50 and three studies indicating an association with non-specific symptoms^51–53 because they did not fulfil our quality criteria. Data collection^48–50 or selection of study participants⁵¹ was obviously related to exposure and outcome and therefore biased. Two studies used self-estimated distance, not objective distance, as an exposure measure,^52,53 which is problematic because it is likely to introduce bias, especially in combination with self-reported symptoms.

Exposure levels in human laboratory studies varied between 1 and 10 V/m. A homogeneous UMTS field of 1 V/m is estimated to yield an average whole-body specific absorption rate of 6 microwatts per kilogram (μW/kg) and a 1 gram (g) peak specific absorption rate in the brain of 73 μW/kg.¹⁷ This is considerably lower than peak specific absorption rates caused by mobile phone handsets (about 1 to 2 W/kg).⁵⁴ Thus, a finding of acute brain-related effects (e.g. headaches or changes in brain physiology) would be expected in studies of mobile phone handset exposure rather than in studies mimicking MPBS exposure. Studies on mobile phone exposure suggest effects on EEG α-band activity during sleep,⁵⁵ with some evidence for a dose–response relationship,⁵⁶ but the results are inconsistent with regard to cognitive functions⁵⁷ and mostly negative for headache.^58,59

Interestingly, persons classified as highly exposed in the epidemiological studies were actually exposed to rather low field levels. Exposure cut-off points for the highest exposed groups were below 0.5 V/m in all studies. This is much lower than the reference levels established by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, which range between 41 and 61 V/m for the frequency bands of MPBSs.⁶⁰ Since population exposure seems to be considerably lower than the reference levels, it is currently difficult to investigate the long-term health effects of exposure close to those levels.

In conclusion, our review does not indicate an association between any health outcome and radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure from MPBSs at levels typically encountered in people’s everyday environment. The evidence that no relationship exists between MPBS exposure and acute symptom development can be considered strong according to the GRADE approach¹⁶ because it is based on randomized trials applying controlled exposure conditions in a laboratory. Regarding long-term effects, data are scarce and the evidence for the absence of long-term effects is limited. Moreover, very little information on effects in children and adolescents is available and the question of potential risk for these age groups remains unresolved.

Where data are scarce, the absence of evidence of harm should not necessarily be interpreted as evidence that no harm exists. Further research should focus on long-term effects and should include children and adolescents. Additional cross-sectional studies would be of limited value, so future studies should apply a longitudinal design. Because there is no evidence that potential health effects would be restricted to MPBS frequency bands,⁹ such studies should include an assessment of exposure to other sources of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in daily life, such as mobile and cordless phones and wireless local area networks.⁶¹

[Skubi]

Преди 5 часа, nik1 said:

http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/88/12/09-071852/en/

 

С две думи? Ако обичаш? Плииз.  Защото не ми се чете толкова много за да разбера същественото на статията.

Мерси.

[Forryy]

Nik1 от прочетеното разбирам, че се отхвърля възможността  всички възможни симптоми да са резултат на антените чак си задавам въпроса те изобщо на ток ли работят... Това, което ми прави впечатление в тестовете им е ,че са за много къс интервал от време- 5 минути и 50 минути. Наистина ги излагат на много по- голямо облъчване, но ситуацията, от която се интересувам е ниски стойности за продължително. Наистина никаде не видях да се говори за метри...разбрах само, че са правили тест на разстояние по-малко от 400м.

[Forryy]

Друго,което ми прави впечатление е, че  не са споменати честотите във който са правени тестовете.

Редактирано Ноември 27, 2016 от Forryy

[Doris]

Днес като излизах поразгледах тия GSM клетки. Най-близката до моя апартамент е на 150 метра, но до нея на същия покрив на разстояние около 20 метра има още една. Интересно Thorn как ще коментира това: ако за всеки излъчвател се спазват праговете, то сумарното излъчване може и да е по-високо от допустимото. Видях даже един блок с три клетки - вероятно всяка на един трите оператора.

[Thorn]

Няма значение колко клетки има върху един блок. Лъчението им е насочено напред, това не са омниантени, които да светят във всички посоки. Ако над главата ти има клетка, нивото на "лъчението" ще е по-голямо от отсрещната страна на улицата.

 

Колкото за наслагването на излъчвания - не съм достатъчно запознат технически, възможно и да не е изключено. Аз наистина нямам представа.