Гръко-Римско генетично влияние в Южна Европа

[dario]

Интересен факт от популационната генетика, за който рядко се говори и ми се струва, че заслужава доста внимание, е т.нар. East Mediterranean shift - прилив на хора от Анатолия и Близкия Изток, който започва някъде през Античността и афектира Южна Европа, като най-ударно Италия, Сицилия, Гърция + островите й, както и Балканите. 

Най-вече започна да се говори по въпроса, след Moots et al. изследването, когато стана ясно, че Италия през ранно-имперския период претърпява огромна етническа промяна и стария Iron Age Italy профил привидно изчезва за сметка на нов генетичен профил на население от Западна Анатолия (макар че по-късно ще видим, че все пак старият профил е оцелял в известен мащаб). Остава въпросителна как такива огромни маси от хора приемат латинския език и изоставят гръцкия. Малко по-надолу ще добавя едно предположение.

Аналогични процеси се наблюдават и в Гръцкия свят, където стария Микенски/Емпурис профил, който оцелява и през гръцките Тъмните векове, та чак до Класическия период, започва около Елинистическата епоха да изчезва за сметка на същия Анатолийски профил. Тук е добре да се вметне, че генетичния профил на гърците от Magna Graecia (гръцката колонизация), е точно стария Микенски/Емпурис профил - така че, Анатолийското етническо влияние няма общо с гръцката колонизация. 

На Балканите се повтаря същия модел след включването им в Римската империя - старите Iron Age профили тук не изчезват, но се редуцират наполовина от новия Анатолийски профил. 

Какви са тези древни анатолийци все пак? Ами ужасно приличат в генетично отношение на днешните гърци от Кипър, както и островитяните гърци от Додеканезите, като донякъде има близост и с днешните критяни и маниотите от континентална Гърция, докато останалата част от Гърция е доста отместена генетично на север от множеството славянски и албански заселвания по земите им. 

Генетичният профил определящ древните анатолийци включва компоненти като западно-средиземноморския Barcin елемент (около 20%); източно-средиземноморския и източно-анатолийски древен елемент Tepecik (около 30-40%); към 10% левантийски примес; 10% Ямна; и 20% Кавказки планинци. Така че по всичко личи, че анатолийските преселници са били от територията на цяла Анатолия, а не само от развитите гръцки полиси от Западното крайбрежие. Тук трябва да се направо уточнение, че има и големи вариативности в този Анатолийски профил, поради разнородното население, което е включвал, но това са усреднени стойности. Някои проби показват и доста по-силен левантийски елемент, например.

Освен анатолийци, сред преселниците от Римския период има и чисти левантийци, макар и не чак толкова важни, колкото анатолийците, но все пак е добре да се отбележат. Още по-малко са Северно-Африканските профили, които донякъде може и да са свързани със старите финикийски колонии. Има проби, които са хибриди между Северна Африка, Левант и Западното Средиземноморие, което вече трябва да са финикийци.

Въпреки, че наричам това Анатолийско население гърци, все пак, ако трябва да сме съвсем честни, това не са етнически същите гърци от гръцкия Iron Age, това са нови елинизирани човешки маси, нови гърци в основата си. Все пак, в тях се влива и гръцкия Iron Age профил, но в много по-малка степен, и като цяло изчисление е много трудно да се направи. 

Изобщо древните гърци не са никак еднородни и притегателната сила на езика и културата им, който е повлиял на различни народи в миналото да се елинизират, са били мащаби, които едва ли могат да бъдат оценени напълно в днешно време.

От друга страна, същото може да се каже и за Рим - множество народи са повлияни от идеята да бъдеш римлянин и с желание се романизират без да им бъде налагано насила, поради престижа и силата на Империята. Мисля, че може би това е причината Анатолийските гърци преселени в Италия да са приели латинския език и новата римска идентичност. 

Също и забавният и добре познат културен феномен Римляните да копират гръцката култура, може да се окаже още по-забавен - довчерашните гърци приели римската идентичност сами да са прехвърляли гръцката си култура в новата си римска реалност със същия успех, с който същите тези довчерашни гърци по-преди това да са били карийци, лидийци, лувийци, фригийци, витини, ликийци и т.н.

Изначалните причини за този т.нар. East Mediterranean shift,  вероятно започват най-вече с гръцката колонизация на Анатолийския литорал. Тук до времето на Елинистическата епоха трябва да са текли тромави процеси на елинизация на местното анатолийско население, но и етническо "анатолизиране" на самите гърци. 

Върхов момент в този процес трябва да са били походите на Александър на Изток. Включвайки Анатолия в своите владения, започва ударно процес по елинизиране (вече с универсално койне) на мозайката от племена, живяла в древна Анатолия. 

С какъв успех и колко пълна е била тази Елинизация аз лично не мога да кажа, но вероятно трябва да е вървяла доста неравномерно, поради оцеляването на някои антични племена и в периода след Христа, както и от оцеляването на арменския народи и език, а арменците в древността са били пръснати из голяма част от Анатолия, даже и в Киликия/Сирия.

Както знаем, Анатолия в последствие е завладяна от късната Римска република. Тук в големите градски центрове може да се очаква и романизация. След това виждаме включването на големи маси  хора в преселническите политики на римската власт. Виждаме тези хора през първите 200 години от Имперския период да заливат Италия. В известен смисъл това е типичният римлянин от този период. Етническата промяна трябва да е станала на доста бързи темпове, съдейки по  наличната информация. Все пак, това са данните от изследваните проби от Рим. Какво население е живеело по селата ние не знаем добре, но там трябва да се е съхранил частично стария Italy Iron Age профил, като пак трябва да се наблегне на "частично". За да имаме днешната генетична картина в Южна Италия, може да сме сигурни, че анатолийците навлизат из цялата страна. 

***

След 3-ти век сл.Хр. в Римската империя започват да се инфилтрират нови етнически елементи и постепенно започва да се изменя генетичната картина по римските земи. Идват и си отиват нови народи, други завинаги остават. 

На Балканите Славянските маси тераформират и не оставят неафектиран сантиметър, като дори днешните Албанци, Гърци и Румънци имат доволен славянски примес. 

В Италия Германски племена имат силно влияние на Север, но югът остава и до днес предимно старото Римско население от Имперския период с примеси от старото Italy Iron Age население. 

Анатолия за жалост е изгубена завинаги след турските завоевания и е силно изменена генетично. Старите гърци от Западна Анатолия са преселени след Младотурската революция, както и множество Понтийски и Кападокийски гърци завинаги напускат старата си родина. 

При всички положения, старият Анатолийски профил не изчезва, а продължава да бъде важен етно-образуващ фактор в някои страни.

Днешните Италианци от юга продължават да са 70-80% наследници на това население, както и поне 35-50% в централните части, докато на север 7-14% и куриозно, 0% в гранични зони в Алпите и Венето. 

В континентална Гърция с големи разлики от област до област има до към 25-45% влияние. 

При нас като съвременни Българи прицентите са 24 - т.е. 1/4 от автозомните ни примеси, което е повече от тракийското ни влияние.

И все пак, това антично гръко-римско наследство никога не е било признато като пълноправен народо-образуващ елемент при нас. От друга страна, в нашия случай вероятно нещата не са и толкова прости като да кажем, че това е чистата контрибуция на античното гръко-римско население, което славяните са асимилирали. 

Тук вероятно силно влияние са оказали 200-те години Византийско владичество, за което намекна Южняк в друга тема относно новото генетично изследване обхващащо 2500 години история по нашите земи. Т.е. тук вече може да се мисли за Средновековно гръцко влияние. Колкото и да говорим, че няма "византийски етнос", през Средновековието вече има профил, който наподобява днешния гръцки профил (това от изтекла информация от непубликувано гръцко изследване).

Тук трябва да се има предвид и систематичното заселване на Арменци и Сирийци (предимно павликяни и тондракити) в Тракия, чието генетично влияние вклинено в гръко-римския профил едва ли лесно може да се отдели. 

Така че, това което виждаме като 24% Анатолийски примес в днешното ни население по-скоро е акумулация от няколко фактора. Ще са нужни проби от няколко различни исторически периода, за да разберем каква порция от този елемент е унаследена от власи, кое от гърци, кое от арменци. И сигурно пак няма да е много ясна сметката. 

Прочие, интересен факт е, че европейските евреи ашкенази, сефарадими, романиоти (и почетно италиоти) са 50 до 70% с генетична контрибуция от същото това Анатолийско население и едва 10 до 25% Левантийско наследство, което показва, че е имало голям прилив на конвърти при първоначалното заселване на евреите в Европа и че това е станало някъде в Южна Италия по всяка вероятност. И също така, че е предимно влияние по женска линия.

Би ми било интересно хора с по-големи исторически познания да споделят, спрямо историческите сведения, до каква степен може да е отразено това огромно преселение на хора от Анатолия към римските провинции. Защо например няма огромно преселение на хора от Галия с многомилионното си романизирано население?

G25 проби на древно анатолийско население:

РИМ:

Anatolian_Profile),0.1007335,0.150806,-0.0328095,-0.06137,0.0032315,-0.021335,-0.002115,-0.0086535,-0.000307,0.024875,0.004303,0.001124,0.0005205,0.0008945,-0.0044785,-0.0070935,0.0018905,0,-0.002891,-0.0003125,-0.0000625,0.0030295,-0.0082575,0,-0.003772
Italy_Roman_Empire_Casale_del_Dolce_(East_Med-Anatolian_Profile),0.10964967,0.148944,-0.034695,-0.061154667,-0.001231,-0.024728333,0.00282,-0.008769,-0.011385,0.024055333,0.0057376667,0.0051453333,-0.005203,0.0052296667,-0.013798333,-0.0021656667,0.0049546667,-0.0024916667,0.00067066667,-0.010921667,-0.0023706667,0.0024316667,-0.000904,0.001687,-0.002515
Italy_Roman_Empire_Isola_Sacra_(East_Med-Anatolian_Profile),0.10433767,0.14420533,-0.027278333,-0.067507,0.002975,-0.020173333,-0.00188,-0.005846,-0.0044996667,0.026484667,0.0061166667,0.002348,-0.004906,0.0016056667,-0.012486,0.00026533333,0.0030423333,-0.00088666667,-0.00155,-0.0042103333,-0.0044503333,0.000742,-0.004396,-0.0010843333,0.00091833333
Italy_Roman_Empire_Mazzano_Romano_(East_Med-Anatolian_Profile),0.1013025,0.147252,-0.029415,-0.0644385,0.0041545,-0.016594,-0.00094,-0.0040385,-0.0016365,0.0210485,0.005765,0.002398,-0.005649,-0.0008945,-0.0095005,-0.0095465,-0.0094525,0.0003165,-0.0006915,-0.008379,-0.0018095,0.002844,-0.0059775,-0.0003615,-0.003413
Italy_Roman_Empire_Pompeii_(East_Med-Anatolian_Profile),0.097888,0.144205,-0.035449,-0.068476,0.003385,-0.018128,-0.00235,0.001385,0.00859,0.017859,0.016239,-0.000749,-0.000595,0.00523,0.003664,-0.016706,-0.00665,-0.000127,-0.006662,-0.009505,-0.007112,0.00371,0.001479,-0.006989,0.006466
Italy_Roman_Empire_Rome_(East_Med-Anatolian_Profile),0.1031236,0.1502984,-0.0296416,-0.0678946,-0.0004922,-0.023594,0.002256,-0.0030462,-0.0008182,0.023217,0.0053262,0.0018582,-0.0010704,-0.0003578,-0.0107222,0.0019888,0.0090226,0.0004814,0.0029162,-0.0027264,-0.0045168,0.0010142,-0.0033524,0.0000242,0.0031134
Italy_Roman_Empire-Late_Antiquity_Isola_Sacra_(East_Med-Anatolian_Profile),0.112685,0.155884,-0.033752,-0.069445,-0.001539,-0.0213355,-0.000705,-0.007961,-0.0150325,0.0227795,0.003329,0.005545,-0.008771,0.001376,-0.017915,-0.004508,0.0093875,0.002914,0.000377,-0.0071285,-0.0028075,0.005935,-0.0041285,-0.001928,0.0007785
Italy_Roman_Empire-Late_Antiquity_Rome_(East_Med-Anatolian_Profile),0.08992,0.144205,-0.030924,-0.063954,0.000308,-0.016176,-0.00188,-0.003692,-0.001432,0.012939,-0.000162,0.009142,0.001933,0.003028,-0.007736,0.007425,0.001304,0,0.006411,-0.002626,0.001996,-0.002968,0.006902,0.009278,0.009101
Italy_Roman_Empire_Casale_del_Dolce_(East_Med_Profile):RMPR123,0.10927,0.146236,-0.032432,-0.056202,0.008617,-0.030957,0.009635,-0.007615,-0.011862,0.025331,0.007307,0.006444,-0.007284,-0.000413,-0.012486,0.009944,0.015385,-0.005068,-0.004148,-0.010505,0.000499,0.003586,-0.004807,0.001807,0.001197
Italy_Roman_Empire_Casale_del_Dolce_(East_Med_Profile):RMPR125,0.117238,0.152329,-0.008297,-0.048127,0.008925,-0.011156,0.0047,-0.006461,-0.000614,0.01877,0.002111,0.000749,-0.015312,-0.011698,-0.00855,0.01127,0.018515,0.006714,0.004274,0.000875,0.003494,0.002349,-0.006902,-0.003494,0.001317
Italy_Roman_Empire_Civitanova_Marche_(East_Med_Profile):RMPR835,0.102441,0.14319,-0.006411,-0.038114,0.017849,-0.017012,-0.010575,0.002077,0.001023,0.019135,0.006008,0.001199,-0.009217,-0.004542,-0.008822,0.009679,0.003912,0.003801,-0.003142,-0.007754,-0.004492,-0.005193,0.005176,-0.001928,-0.001197
Italy_Roman_Empire_Civitanova_Marche_(East_Med_Profile):RMPR836,0.119514,0.158423,-0.007542,-0.037791,0.011387,-0.01757,-0.005875,-0.009692,-0.007567,0.024966,0,-0.004496,-0.014717,-0.002202,-0.014386,-0.001591,-0.003781,-0.007728,0.013073,-0.004752,-0.004866,0.011252,-0.000493,-0.00482,-0.002874
Italy_Roman_Empire_Isola_Sacra_(East_Med_Profile):RMPR39,0.111547,0.142174,-0.022627,-0.065892,0.002462,-0.020638,-0.00141,-0.006923,-0.004295,0.028064,0.007795,0.004796,-0.005798,0.000138,-0.013843,0.000796,0.006519,0.001394,-0.000628,0.004002,-0.00262,0.000989,-0.00037,-0.006386,-0.000838
Italy_Roman_Empire_Isola_Sacra_(East_Med_Profile):RMPR40,0.105855,0.151314,-0.023004,-0.060078,0.001539,-0.013666,-0.00141,-0.004846,-0.012067,0.027882,0.007307,0.003447,-0.010555,0.000275,-0.017236,-0.000796,0.000261,-0.00076,-0.002388,-0.01113,-0.004742,0.000371,-0.013188,0.004338,-0.000359
Italy_Roman_Empire_Isola_Sacra_(East_Med_Profile):RMPR45,0.088782,0.151314,-0.026776,-0.064923,0.020619,-0.029005,-0.005405,0.000462,0.015953,0.023508,-0.003573,0.001948,-0.001635,0.00055,-0.010858,-0.017634,-0.011995,-0.004434,-0.003017,-0.012506,-0.007986,-0.003586,-0.003574,-0.001084,0.008023
Italy_Roman_Empire_Isola_Sacra_(Iberian_Profile):RMPR37,0.126344,0.151314,0.061094,0.010982,0.059088,-0.008088,0.00893,-0.000231,0.033542,0.039181,-0.004547,0.01109,-0.015461,-0.022432,0.006786,0.015911,0.02047,-0.000887,-0.005279,0.011881,0.016097,-0.004081,-0.006286,-0.008555,-0.005389
Italy_Roman_Empire_Mazzano_Romano_(East_Med_Profile):RMPR1543,0.09675,0.141159,-0.026021,-0.063308,0.007078,-0.016455,-0.00047,-0.007154,0.002863,0.022233,0.009094,0.001199,-0.004162,-0.001514,-0.003529,-0.003182,-0.010691,0.00266,-0.006411,-0.009129,-0.004118,-0.006059,-0.006779,-0.006507,0.000239
Italy_Roman_Empire_Mazzano_Romano_(East_Med_Profile):RMPR1544,0.111547,0.140143,-0.012445,-0.039406,0.006463,-0.022032,-0.003995,-0.001385,0.005931,0.012939,0.010555,-0.002398,-0.006392,-0.001101,-0.001493,-0.003845,0.002999,0.0019,0.004022,-0.005002,0.004243,0.007296,-0.001602,-0.006507,-0.001676
Italy_Roman_Empire_Monterotondo_(East_Med_Profile):RMPR1548,0.112685,0.146236,-0.012822,-0.044574,-0.004616,-0.021196,0.004935,0.000231,-0.005113,0.012392,-0.003248,-0.003297,-0.000892,-0.003303,-0.006515,0.006364,-0.000261,0.007475,0.002137,-0.00988,-0.013726,0.004822,0.008627,0.006025,-0.005149
Italy_Roman_Empire_Monterotondo_(East_Med_Profile):RMPR1549,0.108132,0.146236,-0.000377,-0.026486,0.017234,-0.01506,0.005405,-0.006461,0.010226,0.006378,0.003085,-0.009891,0.002379,-0.001514,0.004072,0.003713,-0.00326,0.004561,0.003394,0.003001,-0.000499,0.010758,-0.000863,0.007109,0.005269
Italy_Roman_Empire_Palestrina_Antina_(East_Med_Profile):RMPR436,0.119514,0.145221,-0.016216,-0.044897,0.00954,-0.015897,-0.00376,-0.008307,0.001841,0.014214,0.003573,0.005695,-0.004162,-0.011285,-0.011536,0.00716,0.02021,0,0.00352,0.001626,-0.000873,0.010881,0.001109,0.003615,-0.000479
 Italy_Roman_Empire_Rome_(East_Med_Profile):RMPR47,0.106994,0.148267,-0.006788,-0.046189,0.008617,-0.020359,-0.001175,-0.009692,0.005318,0.023326,0.002273,0.009142,-0.004757,-0.010046,-0.002036,0.002121,0.007562,-0.000633,-0.003771,0.002751,-0.005865,0.002349,0.005546,-0.005181,-0.000958
Italy_Roman_Empire_Rome_(East_Med_Profile):RMPR49,0.110408,0.156392,-0.00528,-0.040052,0.016618,-0.020917,0.00376,-0.003461,-0.00225,0.017677,0.004384,0.006594,-0.01219,0.002477,-0.010315,0.002387,0.004042,-0.002154,0.00352,-0.004502,0.002496,-0.000124,0.000739,-0.005904,0.003233
Italy_Roman_Empire_Rome_(East_Med_Profile):RMPR50,0.100164,0.150298,-0.024136,-0.049742,0.008309,-0.009203,0.00141,-0.000692,-0.005113,0.014214,0.000974,0.002997,0.00223,0.005092,-0.003257,-0.012198,-0.009648,0.007601,0.006159,-0.008379,0,0.007419,0.001972,0.000602,0.001557
Italy_Roman_Empire_Rome_(East_Med_Profile):RMPR51,0.112685,0.148267,-0.02225,-0.048127,0.014464,-0.029284,0.000235,-0.011999,0.003272,0.024237,0.002273,0.003597,-0.007284,-0.001789,-0.00475,-0.007558,-0.011474,0.004054,0.011313,-0.003877,0.001747,0.006554,0.003574,0.005784,-0.003952
Italy_Roman_Empire_Rome_(East_Med_Profile):RMPR69,0.120652,0.146236,-0.016593,-0.05168,0.004308,-0.019522,-0.0047,-0.007846,-0.021884,0.027882,0.000325,0.01079,-0.014271,-0.003853,-0.020087,0.007558,0.034161,0.003421,0.010559,0.006003,-0.008111,0.001855,-0.005916,-0.005422,-0.007185
Italy_Roman_Empire_Rome_(East_Med_Profile):RMPR73,0.088782,0.153345,-0.028661,-0.066215,0.000308,-0.01757,-0.005875,-0.005769,0.006749,0.025695,0.002436,-0.001349,0.0055,-0.00812,-0.002443,0.013657,0.014733,-0.003927,-0.002011,0.006628,-0.008984,-0.001607,-0.003697,0.003374,0.005987
Italy_Roman_Empire_Rome_(East_Med_Profile):RMPR81,0.108132,0.15436,-0.026398,-0.063308,0.005232,-0.027052,0.000705,0.008307,-0.001432,0.025149,0.005521,-0.003897,-0.002825,-0.005367,-0.010315,-0.001989,0.012126,0.004307,0.008422,0.001501,-0.010856,0.001484,0.00419,-0.001205,-0.001197
Italy_Roman_Empire_Rome_(East_Med_Profile):RMPR113,0.122929,0.162485,-0.007542,-0.041021,0.018465,-0.017291,-0.00846,-0.008077,0.015339,0.030433,-0.000325,0.004496,-0.008771,-0.007294,-0.005157,-0.016176,-0.011474,-0.005701,0.007793,-0.017133,0.00025,-0.002102,0.001479,-0.011206,-0.002036
Italy_Roman_Empire_Rome_(East_Med_Profile):RMPR114,0.112685,0.146236,-0.018102,-0.051357,0.007078,-0.010319,-0.005405,-0.010384,0.000614,0.008565,-0.00341,0.01094,-0.003865,0.001376,-0.006107,-0.013789,-0.009648,0.005194,0.003897,-0.007504,-0.004367,0.006677,0.006532,0.003976,-0.000239
Italy_Roman_Empire_Rome_(East_Med_Profile):RMPR115,0.105855,0.145221,-0.02225,-0.065892,-0.001846,-0.01255,0.00188,0.002538,-0.00225,0.019317,0.002598,0.006294,-0.005054,0.001927,-0.011401,-0.001724,0.009127,-0.000253,0.003645,-0.011631,-0.007112,0.004328,-0.003821,0.004699,-0.003952
Italy_Roman_Empire_Rome_(East_Med_Profile):RMPR131,0.111547,0.150298,-0.004148,-0.046512,0.006155,-0.004462,-0.008225,-0.004154,0.007567,0.018406,0.001299,0.001798,-0.002527,-0.006055,-0.005293,0.002121,0.007171,0.004307,0.002891,-0.010755,0.000374,0.008656,-0.009983,-0.003615,0.001437
 Italy_Roman_Empire_Casale_del_Dolce_(Anatolian_Profile):RMPR126,0.101303,0.150298,-0.038466,-0.074936,-0.005847,-0.020917,-0.00235,-0.007154,-0.003681,0.027882,0.004872,0.002698,-0.000892,0.001514,-0.009772,-0.003447,0.00665,-0.006968,0.002263,-0.009004,-0.004367,0.003091,-0.003328,0.003615,-0.00012
Italy_Roman_Empire_Casale_del_Dolce_(Anatolian_Profile):RMPR128,0.118376,0.150298,-0.033187,-0.052326,-0.006463,-0.022311,0.001175,-0.011538,-0.018612,0.018953,0.005034,0.006294,-0.007433,0.014588,-0.019137,-0.012994,-0.007171,0.004561,0.003897,-0.013256,-0.003244,0.000618,0.005423,-0.000361,-0.008622
Italy_Roman_Empire_Isola_Sacra_(Anatolian_Profile):RMPR38,0.102441,0.157407,-0.0445,-0.08075,-0.017542,-0.031236,-0.00423,-0.008538,-0.013908,0.016766,0.002598,-0.001049,-0.003271,0.006744,-0.007736,-0.010475,-0.011083,0.001014,0.004902,-0.004252,0.001497,0.003462,-0.001232,-0.00012,-0.001796
Italy_Roman_Empire_Isola_Sacra_(Anatolian_Profile):RMPR41,0.095611,0.139128,-0.036204,-0.076551,0.004924,-0.026216,-0.00282,-0.005769,0.002863,0.023508,0.003248,-0.001199,0.001635,0.004404,-0.006379,0.000796,0.002347,-0.003294,-0.001634,-0.005503,-0.005989,0.000866,0.00037,-0.001205,0.003952
Italy_Roman_Empire_Isola_Sacra_(Anatolian_Profile):RMPR43,0.111547,0.153345,-0.032809,-0.067184,0.003693,-0.025379,0.00423,-0.006,-0.007976,0.029704,0.003248,0.011839,-0.014717,0.006881,-0.017101,-0.000663,0.017341,0.003167,0.005028,-0.000625,-0.010981,0.010881,-0.003204,0.010001,-0.00012
Italy_Roman_Empire_Isola_Sacra_(Anatolian_Profile):RMPR44,0.117238,0.167562,-0.028284,-0.070737,0.004616,-0.019522,0.001175,-0.006692,-0.003886,0.034807,0.006333,0.008243,-0.013379,0.001651,-0.009229,-0.004508,0.017211,-0.00038,-0.003268,-0.007003,-0.000873,0.000618,0.001479,0.008314,0.001437
Italy_Roman_Empire_Isola_Sacra_(Levantine_Profile):RMPR42,0.079676,0.149283,-0.061094,-0.091409,-0.011079,-0.028168,-0.003525,-0.010153,0.01309,0.010023,0.006171,-0.002548,0.01219,0.004266,-0.009229,0.007292,-0.001173,0.002027,0.004399,0.001251,-0.001248,0.008285,0.001849,0,-0.001916
Italy_Roman_Empire_Mazzano_Romano_(Anatolian_Profile):RMPR1545,0.105855,0.153345,-0.032809,-0.065569,0.001231,-0.016733,-0.00141,-0.000923,-0.006136,0.019864,0.002436,0.003597,-0.007136,-0.000275,-0.015472,-0.015911,-0.008214,-0.002027,0.005028,-0.007629,0.000499,0.011747,-0.005176,0.005784,-0.007065
 Italy_Roman_Empire_Rome_(Anatolian_Profile):RMPR66,0.111547,0.158423,-0.033187,-0.06783,0.002154,-0.026216,0.00094,-0.002538,-0.013703,0.025331,0.012991,-0.004196,-0.001041,0.00523,-0.022937,-0.014983,-0.005867,0.000507,0.004902,-0.015257,-0.005241,0.00272,-0.003451,0.00253,0.000958
Italy_Roman_Empire_Rome_(Anatolian_Profile):RMPR71,0.10927,0.158423,-0.044123,-0.068153,-0.003693,-0.029841,0.001645,-0.00923,-0.013294,0.022051,0.001949,0.002698,-0.014123,0.003853,-0.020087,-0.011005,0.009648,0.002407,0.002137,0.005503,-0.004866,-0.00643,0.002588,0.007591,-0.003473
Italy_Roman_Empire_Rome_(Anatolian_Profile):RMPR72,0.113823,0.145221,-0.033564,-0.073321,-0.003693,-0.030957,0.008695,-0.008538,-0.005931,0.028976,0.009256,0.005545,0.002676,0.002202,-0.010315,-0.002254,0.007432,0.002027,0.005908,-0.002501,0.000749,0.002968,-0.008504,-0.001566,0.006107
Italy_Roman_Empire_Rome_(Anatolian_Profile):RMPR75,0.099026,0.153345,-0.037335,-0.070737,-0.002462,-0.029841,0.005875,-0.011769,-0.001227,0.016948,0.00682,0.002698,-0.005649,0.007569,-0.019137,0.002254,0.001695,0.000253,-0.001383,-0.007629,0.003619,-0.002102,-0.00493,-0.005181,0.008622
Italy_Roman_Empire_Rome_(Anatolian_Profile):RMPR76,0.095611,0.142174,-0.042992,-0.064923,-0.011079,-0.015618,-0.006815,-0.007384,-0.007976,0.010934,0.004547,0.001349,0.005798,-0.009909,-0.012079,0.00358,0.026729,-0.008108,-0.002388,0.007003,-0.005116,0.004575,-0.003944,0.008073,-0.000359
Italy_Roman_Empire_Rome_(Anatolian_Profile):RMPR78,0.113823,0.157407,-0.031301,-0.079458,0.002154,-0.03012,-0.000705,-0.007846,-0.007772,0.019317,0.002436,0.005095,-0.009366,0.008395,-0.013436,-0.017369,-0.002217,0.000253,0.010936,-0.006503,-0.007237,-0.000989,-0.006286,-0.000482,0.005389
Italy_Roman_Empire_Rome_(Levantine_Profile):RMPR70,0.09675,0.157407,-0.0445,-0.085595,-0.009232,-0.023706,-0.004465,-0.007615,0.010431,0.00656,0.004547,-0.003747,0.0055,-0.002064,-0.009772,-0.00053,0.00352,-0.00152,0.001383,0.004252,-0.010357,0.007048,0,-0.006025,0.002874

БАЛКАНИТЕ и АНАТОЛИЯ:

Хърватия:

Croatia_Early_Medieval_(Byzantine)_Novo_Selo-Bunje_(East_Med_Profile),0.111547,0.148267,0.001886,-0.033269,0.022773,-0.012829,0.00235,-0.004846,0.003272,0.018224,-0.000812,0.006444,-0.010406,0.004542,-0.011672,-0.010342,-0.00326,-0.007095,-0.004399,0.001376,-0.012104,-0.000866,0.003451,0.001687,0.001796
Croatia_Early_Medieval_(Byzantine)_Trogir_(Central_Med_Profile),0.11780675,0.14750575,0.004808,-0.02285225,0.021927,-0.0138745,-0.00064625,0.00115375,0.0017895,0.01444225,-0.00012175,0.00539525,-0.00951425,-0.002649,-0.00760025,0.01186675,0.0161675,0.00069675,0.0005345,-0.00087525,-0.002277,0.00009275,-0.0020335,0.001416,0.00026925
Croatia_Early_Medieval_(Byzantine)_Trogir_(East_Med_Profile),0.108132,0.140143,0.004903,-0.044897,0.020311,-0.007251,0.00282,0.005538,-0.001432,0.027518,-0.001299,0.01124,-0.014271,-0.006744,-0.009908,0.012994,0.023991,-0.008488,0.004525,-0.00988,-0.007612,0.005688,0.003697,-0.003012,-0.001676
Byzantine)_Ravna_Slog_(East_Med_Profile),0.111547,0.147252,0.007542,-0.052649,0.025543,-0.019522,-0.00141,-0.002769,0.014521,0.026424,0.013641,-0.005695,-0.005054,-0.021882,-0.015608,0.013524,0.022035,0.003801,-0.014204,0.00025,-0.016221,-0.001855,-0.009613,0.005663,0.005389

Сърбия:

Serbia_Late_Antiquity_(Roman_Empire-Byzantine)_Viminacium_Pecine_(East_Med-Anatolian_Profile),0.106994,0.144205,-0.033564,-0.064923,-0.001539,-0.022311,0.0094,-0.003461,0.013294,0.021504,0.022572,0.002548,-0.009217,0.014863,-0.012622,-0.013259,0.013299,-0.012035,0.01081,-0.004252,0.002121,-0.009521,0.01023,-0.003133,-0.003473
Serbia_Roman_Empire_Naissus_(East_Med-Anatolian_Profile),0.104717,0.150298,-0.029793,-0.060724,-0.002154,-0.019522,-0.00094,-0.011999,0.002863,0.020957,0.002273,-0.000599,0.007433,0.000275,-0.013843,-0.002917,0.011083,0.005954,0.013952,-0.000875,-0.012728,0.00507,-0.003944,-0.008435,0.000958
Serbia_Roman_Empire_Viminacium_Pecine_(East_Med-Anatolian_Profile),0.097888,0.156392,-0.048271,-0.058786,-0.004308,-0.022311,0.011281,-0.000231,-0.01493,0.020046,0.006171,0.008992,-0.025272,0.001239,-0.013708,-0.019093,-0.006389,0.001014,0.001131,-0.01063,-0.004991,0.005193,0.006655,0.002651,-0.005868
Serbia_Roman_Empire_Viminacium_Pirivoj_(Anatolia_BA_Profile),0.114961,0.169593,-0.050157,-0.073644,-0.009232,-0.022311,0.013866,-0.01223,-0.007567,0.019864,0.002111,0.014987,-0.004757,0.001101,-0.02253,-0.008884,0.022426,-0.007855,-0.006536,-0.005628,0.010606,0.00136,-0.006162,0.008194,-0.007784
Serbia_Roman_Empire_Viminacium_Pirivoj_(Levantine_Profile),0.085367,0.146236,-0.046009,-0.073644,-0.016311,-0.02761,0.00235,-0.000231,-0.006136,0.01385,-0.001786,0.000749,0.00892,0.004129,-0.005157,-0.009546,-0.010952,-0.00228,0.01169,-0.008004,-0.004991,0.003462,-0.002095,0.000723,-0.000718
Serbia_Roman_Empire_Viminacium_Vise_Grobalja_(East_Med-Anatolian_Profile),0.113823,0.153345,-0.027907,-0.066215,-0.007078,-0.027889,0.003055,-0.00923,-0.016157,0.022597,-0.00406,0.009741,-0.006392,0.009083,-0.017915,-0.016309,0.001043,0.002407,0.005656,-0.006878,0.003743,-0.002473,-0.001602,-0.003374,0.000958
Serbia_Roman_Empire-Late_Antiquity_Viminacium_Pirivoj_(Central_Anatolian_Greek_Profile),0.101303,0.140143,-0.044877,-0.052972,-0.003385,-0.027052,0.00282,-0.000923,-0.024338,0.009841,0.001624,0.004196,-0.011744,0.005367,-0.02158,-0.011933,-0.000782,-0.002914,0.000628,-0.005378,-0.000749,-0.003833,-0.002465,-0.006627,-0.009101
Serbia_Roman_Empire-Late_Antiquity_Viminacium_Rit_(Anatolia_BA_Profile),0.10927,0.156392,-0.026021,-0.058786,0.014772,-0.017291,0.004465,-0.001385,-0.008999,0.03426,-0.003735,0.003747,-0.016799,0.004954,-0.025108,0.00411,0.021774,0.004434,0.008422,-0.007253,-0.007612,0.005441,-0.004807,0.000602,-0.004431
Serbia_Roman_Empire-Late_Antiquity_Viminacium_Rit_(East_Med-Anatolian_Profile),0.117807,0.1558835,-0.0339405,-0.0731595,0.0006155,-0.0252395,-0.00987,-0.007269,-0.001227,0.026971,0.002111,-0.001948,-0.0053515,0.0038535,-0.0104505,-0.00358,0.011865,0.004434,0.0042735,-0.0029385,-0.0016845,0.0027825,-0.003574,-0.0046995,0.0005985
Serbia_Roman_Empire-Late_Antiquity_Viminacium_Vise_Grobalja_(Central_Anatolian_Greek_Profile),0.108701,0.1457285,-0.039032,-0.0557175,-0.0138485,-0.017849,0.0041125,-0.0044995,-0.012169,0.0144875,0.0006495,0.0051705,-0.007879,-0.00289,0.0026465,0.0003315,0.0039115,0.0060175,0.003897,0.0007505,0.0059895,0.0113145,0.001787,-0.001928,-0.005149
Serbia_Roman_Empire-Late_Antiquity_Viminacium_Vise_Grobalja_(East_Med-Anatolian_Profile),0.111547,0.160454,-0.03017,-0.069445,0.003077,-0.02259,-0.0094,0.006,-0.008999,0.021504,-0.010555,0.001349,-0.00773,0.003441,-0.011129,0.004773,0.002217,-0.000507,0.001508,-0.001876,-0.014974,0.007172,0.002588,-0.007471,-0.003473

Анатолия:

Anatolia_Early_Medieval_(Byzantine)_Nicaea_(East_Med-Anatolian_Profile),0.1126848,0.1549698,-0.0334886,-0.0680884,0.0037544,-0.026885,0.000705,-0.0085842,-0.005522,0.0216494,0.0031186,0.0028776,-0.0087116,0.0036056,-0.0169922,-0.0134712,-0.001695,0.0020272,0.0061842,-0.0070282,-0.0064886,0.0069738,-0.0020458,-0.0001686,-0.0024908
Anatolia_Early_Medieval_(Byzantine)_Samantas_(East_Med_Profile),0.105571,0.15055225,-0.02545575,-0.05628275,0.0043085,-0.02217175,-0.0017625,-0.00490375,-0.00132925,0.01995475,0.00543975,0.0020605,-0.00393925,0.00289025,-0.01323275,-0.0057345,0.006943,0.00101375,0.004148,-0.00647175,-0.00430475,-0.00068025,-0.00064725,-0.00247,-0.0049995
Anatolia_Early_Medieval_(Byzantine)_Samantas_(East_Med-Anatolian_Profile),0.10244067,0.15097533,-0.040100667,-0.070629333,0.001026,-0.027796333,-0.00282,-0.008692,-0.0044313333,0.019864,0.002165,0.002148,-0.006739,0.0023856667,-0.013934,0.010563,0.017732333,-0.00080266667,0.005866,-0.0048356667,-0.0033273333,-0.0022256667,-0.00020566667,-0.0064666667,-0.0014373333
Anatolia_Early_Medieval_(Byzantine)_Zeytinliada_(Balkan/Western_Anatolian_Greek_Profile),0.108132,0.142682,-0.0015085,-0.030685,0.016311,-0.01004,0.006815,-0.000577,-0.0064425,0.0088385,0.004953,0.0016485,-0.0018585,0.006124,-0.0082115,-0.009745,-0.01017,0.0007605,0.0056565,-0.0052525,-0.003182,-0.006121,0.0027115,0.0010845,-0.006347
Anatolia_Early_Medieval_(Byzantine)_Zeytinliada_(East_Med_Profile),0.1149615,0.1436975,-0.014331,-0.0408595,0.0080015,-0.0132475,0.003995,-0.0002305,-0.0087945,0.010296,0.001218,0.001199,-0.0046085,0.0040595,-0.007329,-0.007624,0.0008475,0.009248,0.006159,-0.0075035,0.0010605,-0.0009895,-0.004868,-0.0050605,0.002455
Anatolia_Late_Antiquity_(Roman_Empire-Byzantine)_Nicaea_(East_Med-Anatolian_Profile),0.114961,0.142174,-0.031678,-0.064923,-0.004001,-0.027889,0.006815,-0.007846,-0.009817,0.024784,0.006008,-0.001199,-0.009663,0.003991,-0.014929,-0.014452,-0.002217,0.010262,-0.00264,-0.011756,-0.003494,-0.000247,-0.001479,-0.008435,0.006347
Anatolia_Late_Antiquity_Bogazkoy_(Mesopotamian/Armenian_Highland_Profile),0.102441,0.135065,-0.056568,-0.068476,-0.020619,-0.0251,-0.00752,-0.011076,-0.025156,0.005832,0.001949,0.005695,0.0055,0.005367,-0.004614,0.004508,0.004694,-0.00228,0.00088,-0.003627,0.002496,0.002597,-0.005053,-0.000361,0.003113
Anatolia_Late_Antiquity_Samsun_(East_Med-Anatolian_Profile),0.114961,0.146236,-0.032055,-0.067507,0.00677,-0.021475,0.000235,-0.005307,-0.012067,0.024055,0.004384,0.006444,-0.000595,-0.004679,-0.016151,0.005569,0.013299,0.003041,0.003268,-0.001626,0.002371,-0.001855,-0.002588,0.001928,0.000239
Anatolia_Late_Antiquity-Early_Medieval_(Byzantine)_Nicaea_(Balkan/Western_Anatolian_Greek_Profile),0.119514,0.142174,0.001508,-0.0323,0.020619,-0.02008,0.00329,-0.000462,-0.009613,0.01713,-0.009743,-0.003597,-0.003419,0.002064,-0.012622,-0.00411,0.007953,0.00228,0.007416,-0.009505,-0.011605,-0.000247,-0.002588,0.001566,-0.002754
Anatolia_Late_Antiquity-Early_Medieval_(Byzantine)_Nicaea_(East_Med-Anatolian_Profile),0.10927,0.14894433,-0.025141667,-0.063631,0.006155,-0.026122667,-0.0014883333,-0.006769,-0.0041586667,0.025027,0.000054,0.0068436667,-0.0070363333,0.0011926667,-0.019091333,-0.0055246667,0.0013036667,-0.0019426667,0.008422,-0.0045853333,-0.0048663333,0.0014836667,0.00016433333,0.00237,-0.000878
Anatolia_Late_Antiquity-Early_Medieval_(Byzantine)_Nicaea_(Southeast_Anatolian_Profile),0.100164,0.156392,-0.043746,-0.070414,-0.012002,-0.028168,0.00376,-0.000923,-0.001841,0.015308,0.009094,-0.001349,0.000297,0.001789,-0.015336,0.015248,0.016428,0.005701,0.005531,-0.003752,0.000749,0.005812,-0.003451,0.003494,-0.003113
Anatolia_Late_Antiquity-Early_Medieval_(Byzantine)_Zeytinliada_(East_Med-Anatolian_Profile),0.097888,0.145221,-0.028284,-0.063308,0.006155,-0.031515,0.00376,-0.007846,-0.009817,0.014943,0.007632,-0.001499,-0.001933,-0.00289,-0.008686,-0.009016,-0.000782,-0.002534,0.003645,-0.007128,0.001123,-0.005317,0.000616,0.001325,0.000958
Byzantine_NW_Anatolia:TUR_Marmara_Iznik_Y.kapi_Byz:I14843___J-Z6271___AD_550___Coverage_66.66%,0.100164,0.149283,-0.023759,-0.065892,0.005232,-0.02259,-0.00658,-0.006,0.000818,0.025878,0.005359,0.006594,-0.004311,-0.005367,-0.013979,0.01127,0.024773,-0.002027,0.005028,-0.005878,-0.004991,0.000618,0.002711,0.006989,-0.003233
Byzantine_NW_Anatolia:TUR_Marmara_Iznik_Basilica_RomByz_A:I8368___female___AD_600___Coverage_23.03%,0.110408,0.151314,-0.029793,-0.068799,0.004924,-0.024263,-0.000235,-0.00923,-0.001227,0.029704,-0.005846,-0.001948,-0.012636,-0.00055,-0.0095,-0.009812,0.015776,-0.004814,0.004148,-0.009004,-0.009483,0.011005,-0.008134,-0.00494,-0.007065
Byzantine_NW_Anatolia:TUR_Marmara_Iznik_Basilica_RomByz_A:I8370___J-Z7661___AD_600___Coverage_47.71%,0.113823,0.160454,-0.03017,-0.069445,0.003385,-0.024263,0.00094,-0.009923,-0.008385,0.016401,0.006008,0.004646,-0.019921,0.008945,-0.018187,-0.027446,-0.01004,0.005068,0.016592,-0.008254,-0.00549,0.012736,0,0.000482,0.001078
Byzantine_NW_Anatolia:TUR_Marmara_Iznik_Basilica_RomByz_A:I8371___female___AD_600___Coverage_71.98%,0.104717,0.155376,-0.040729,-0.076228,-0.000308,-0.029284,0.000705,-0.00923,-0.008385,0.014397,0.000974,0.003897,-0.00446,0.00578,-0.014251,-0.015115,-0.007562,0.000507,0.003268,-0.006253,-0.005241,0.000247,-0.005423,-0.000241,-0.005389
Byzantine_NW_Anatolia:TUR_Marmara_Iznik_Basilica_RomByz_A:I8373___female___AD_600___Coverage_56.24%,0.111547,0.153345,-0.026776,-0.055879,0.001846,-0.027331,-0.002585,-0.010846,-0.0045,0.030433,0.007145,-0.0003,-0.004311,0.00289,-0.019815,-0.021612,-0.012256,0.001774,0.003142,-0.007128,-0.005241,0.008161,0.001356,-0.000361,0.002395
Byzantine_NW_Anatolia:TUR_Marmara_Iznik_Basilica_RomByz_A_brother.I8366:I8367___E-V13___AD_600___Coverage_45.31%,0.122929,0.15436,-0.039975,-0.070091,0.008925,-0.029284,0.0047,-0.003692,-0.005113,0.017312,0.007307,0.008093,-0.00223,0.000963,-0.023208,0.006629,0.005607,0.007601,0.003771,-0.004502,-0.006988,0.00272,0.001972,0.004217,-0.003473
Byzantine_NW_Anatolia:TUR_Marmara_Balikesir_Byz:I14821___female___AD_800___Coverage_68.65%,0.113823,0.140143,-0.020742,-0.034561,0.00277,-0.010319,0.004465,-0.002538,-0.010431,0.009476,0.002598,0.003297,-0.005946,0.001651,-0.003393,-0.001326,0.008605,0.009248,0.003142,0,0.006239,-0.003339,-0.002095,-0.004458,0.010538
Byzantine_NW_Anatolia:TUR_Marmara_Balikesir_Byz:I14831___female___AD_800___Coverage_70.32%,0.1161,0.147252,-0.00792,-0.047158,0.013233,-0.016176,0.003525,0.002077,-0.007158,0.011116,-0.000162,-0.000899,-0.003271,0.006468,-0.011265,-0.013922,-0.00691,0.009248,0.009176,-0.015007,-0.004118,0.00136,-0.007641,-0.005663,-0.005628

 

[Last roman]

Красноречив пример как генетиката допълва историческите сведения.

Не случайно още Ювенал през 1-ви век клейми демографските процеси, с хапливото описание в своите сатири как Оронт вливал водите си в Тибър  

 

My friends, I can’t stand A Rome full of Greeks,

yet few of the dregs are Greek!

For the Syrian Orontes has long since polluted the Tiber,

Bringing its language and customs, pipes and harp-strings,

And even their native timbrels are dragged along too,

And the girls forced to offer themselves in the Circus.

Go there, if your taste’s a barbarous ***** in a painted veil.

https://www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/Latin/JuvenalSatires3.php

 

[genefan]

Да, българите генетично имат най-много анадоло-левантийски примеси след гърците на Балканите. Историците донякъде приемат такова влияние през Римски Имперски период, но не приемат нищо през Византийския. Дали павликяните и прочие Източни Анадолци, заселени в Тракия и Македония изчезват без следа?
Това трябва да се включи в спора откъде идва "кавказкото" в съвременните българи. Като се погледне картата на разпространение, например на Еупедия става ясно, че източникът е всъщност Анадола, а не степите, както искат да ни внушат някои. Така тези 40% сармати уж влели се в българите, трябва да са май анадолци. Арманците са почти 100% "кавказци".

[Last roman]

Palmyrene Funerary Sculptures from Singidunum

https://scispace.com/pdf/palmyrene-funerary-sculptures-from-singidunum-2xtrm19sey.pdf

[miroki]

Даже и при Крум идват големи маси от мала Азия.

[Tomata]

Преди 16 часа, genefan said:

Дали павликяните и прочие Източни Анадолци, заселени в Тракия и Македония изчезват без следа?

При ашкеназите как стои въпросът? 

[genefan]

Преди 10 часа, Tomata said:

При ашкеназите как стои въпросът? 

Относно евреите Ашкенази, оказва се, че само малка част от генома им има произход традиционната им родина Леванта. Повечето изглежда е привнесено през Римски времена, когато са се пренесли в Италия ( туй като гояма част са избити или прогонени през Юдейските войни). Така че те приличат на населението на Южна Италия. След като се изселват към Германия те изглежда се капсулират и нямат много влияние от там. Но когато са изгонени към Източна Европа вече се забеляват доста славянски примеси, както аутозомно, така и по хаплогрупи. 

[Tomata]

Преди 2 часа, genefan said:

Повечето изглежда е привнесено през Римски времена, когато са се пренесли в Италия

Чудех се за тях, защото имаше една теория, че са наследници на хазарите. Има резон, понеже населяват териториите на днешна Украйна и ю. Русия. Да разбирам ли, че е по-вероятно да са преселници от ю.Италия или и двете хипотези имат право на съществуване? Имам предвид дали генетиката може да проследи пътя на миграциите или само сравнява днешният им геном с този на съвременните европейски популаци? Гледах преди време една ДНК диаграма и на пръв поглед сравнена с нашия геном не се различаваше съществено. До колкото разбирам този средиземноморски профил може да варира по произход, или?